Apparatus for transmitting power.



A. H. NEULAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. 1913.

1,171,351, Patented Fb. 8,1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES: INVENTO A WORN/5Y5.

A. H. NEULAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. 1913.

. INVENTOR IqLFO/VS -H'NEl/Lfi/VU 14/5 HTTOR/VEYSZ WITNESSES: M. 19 G TA. H. NEULANDT APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. I913.

Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

7 SHEETSSHEET 3- l/Vl/E/VTOR F/L FONS'H'NEULHND fi'TiZM) 2% 62 47 H/5ATTORNEY A. H. NEULAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATIONYFILED MAR. 22' IBIS.

Patented Feb. 8,1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4 M HE R mN m N. T w A N TIQNU I w d wa A. H. NEULAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22, ms.

1, 171 ,351 Patented Feb. 8,1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5- Pram I F I WITNESSES. l/VVEIVTOR H S ATTORNEYS Mm F A.H. NEULAND.v

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22, I9I3. 1,171,351. Patented Feb. 8,1916. 7SHEETSSHEET 6.

1 M v/ \x. ii 1 N A w 4 INVENTOR.

BY M W HA5 ATTORNEYS.

A. H. NEULAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

Patented Feb. 8,1916.

7 SHEETS SHEET 7.

Fix 715 INVENTOR-.

BY My WM H/6 ATTORNEYS.

" eral -,of which are. shown in the aforesaid UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

ALFONS H. NEULAND, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO NEUIIANDELECTRICAL COMPANY, INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER.

Application filed March 22, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFoNs- H. NEULAND,

a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of the city and countyof San Francisco, "'State of California, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Apparatus for Transmitting Power, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for transmittingpower an particularly to a method of and apparatus for transmittingpowerbetween two rotatable elements or shafts which are-,adapted torotate at the same or different speeds and in the same or differentdirections.

The object of the invention is to provide a method of and apparatus forcoupling two shafts or rotatable elements together without theemployment of any mechanical or tangible means connecting said shafts.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of and apparatusfor coupling together two shafts adapted to rotate in opposite or in thesame direction without the employment of any mechanical or tangiblemeans connecting said shafts.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of and apparatusfor connecting two shafts together magnetically or electro-magnetically.

Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetic orelectromagnetic coupling for two shafts which is adjustable so that theshafts will rotatein the same or opposite directions.

Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetic orelectro-magnetic coupling which is of unitary construction, efficient ofoperation and relatively cheap of construction.

The invention possesses many other objects and advantageous features,which, with the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the followingdescription, where I shall outline in full, the construction andoperation of those forms of the invention which I have selected forillustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of thepresent specification. The apparatus of the invention is capable of manymodifications, sev- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

Serial No. 756,162.

drawings. The novelty of the invention will be included in the claimssucceeding said description. From this it will be apparent that I do notlimit myself to the showing made by said drawings and description, as

I may adopt many variations of my inven tate in the same or oppositedirections at the same or different Speeds.

shafts, regardless of their direction with respect to each other, whichare to rotate in the same or opposite directions at the same ordifferent speeds. It may be employed to couple together two shafts whichnormally rotate at the same speed, but which at times rotate atdifferent speeds. It may be employed to couple together two shafts whichat times are to be rotated in the same direction and at times inopposite directions.

Heretofore, as far as I am aware, when it has been desirable to coupletogether two shafts by magnetic electric or electro-magnetic means, ithas been the practice to con nect to the prime mover, or driving shaft,a polyphase generator having a certain number of poles, and to providethe driven shaft with a polyphase motor, having the same or a differentnumber of poles, which motor is fed by the generator, thereby causingthe driven shaft to rotate at the same or driving and driven elements inopposite di-.

rections "at different speeds. Fig. 2 is a It may be employed to coupletogether any two adjacent a modified form-of apparatus for couplingtransverse section of the same formof apparatus showing the partsarranged to cause rotation of the driving and driven elements in thesame direction at difierent speeds. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectionsimilar to that shown in Fig. 1,'in which the ratio of the speeds ofdriving and driven shafts is 'smaller. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectionof the apparatus shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is together two non-alinedshafts. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of another form of theapparatus. Fig. 7 is a cross section on the line A A Fig. 6 looking inthe direction of the arrow B. Fig. 8 is a cross section on the line A-AFig. 6 looking in the direction of the arrow C. Fig. 9 is a longitudinalsection of another form of the apparatus. Fig. 10 is a cross section onthe line DD Fig. 9, looking in the direction of arrow E. Fig. 11 is across section on the line DD Fig; 9, looking in the direction of arrowF. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section of another form of the apparatus,showing the revolving elements formed in the shape of disks. Fig. 13 isa cross section on line HH Fig. 12, looking in the direction of arrow K.Fig. 14 isv a cross section on the line LL Fig. 12', looking in thedirection of arrow M. Fig 15 is a longitudinal section of another formof the apparatus, similar to that shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 16 is'a crosssection on the line N-N Fig. 15 looking in the direction of the arrow P.Fig. 17 is a cross section on the line RR .Fig. '15, looking in arrow S.

The apparatus may be employed to transmit power from a driving shaft orrotatable member to a driven shaft or rotatable member, and may beconstructed to cause the driven, shaft to rotate at the same speed asthe driving shaft, or at a higheror lower speed than the driving shaft.For the purposes of description, I have illustrated the apparatus asconstructed to operate as a speed reducing gear,that is, as an apparatusin which the driven shaft rotates at a slower speed than the drivingshaft. In order to obtain a speed increasing gear, the designations ofthe driving and driven shafts are interchanged. T have not illustratedthe the direction of various elements of the apparatus are preferablyformed of laminations in accordance with the general practice.

"The constructions shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive are believed to bethe most readily understandable and will be described in detail first.As shown in these-drawings, the apparatus consists of a drum or cylinder1 provided on its inner face-with a plurality of regularly spaced teethor projections 1 preferably formed of laminations, which is provided onits outer face with a plurality of teeth or projections 20, in thepresent embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 there being three, designatedrespectively 11, 12 and 13. The core 2 is mounted upon or attached to ashaft or other rotatable element 2*, the axis of which is alined withthe axis of the rotatable element attached to the drum'l. The outerfaces of the teeth 11, 12 and 13, and the inner faces of the teeth 1 onthe drum are concentric with the axis of revolution of the drum andcore. Arranged between the projections 11, 12 and 13 and the teeth 1 area plurality of relatively stationary cores 3, 4, 5 and 6, the, innerfaces of which in Figs. 1 and 2 are of substantially the same length andcurvature as'the outer faces of the projections 11,12 and 13, and theouter faces of which are provided with a plurality of teeth orprojections 14 of substantially the same size and pitch as the teeth 1on the drum. The number of these cores may be varied so long as theproper spacing and 1 apparatus in the form in which bothSl'IELfiZSLjg'COIGS are spaced apart, along the curve of constructionwill be apparent from the drawings and description herein.

The apparatus consists broadly of two to v tating elements having one ormore station ary elements arranged between the surfaces thereof. Therotating elements consist pref erably of circular elements in the formof cylinders or disks, one of which elements is connected or attached tothe driving shaft and the other to the driven shaft. The

will revolve at the same speed, since such 1 and the projections 14 oncore 4 are staggered with relation to the teeth 1 Surrounding thestationary cores 3, 4, 5 and 6 are magnetizing windings 7, 8, 9 and 10,each surrounding their respective cores, and so connected that the innerparts of cores 3 and 4 become poles of one polarity, such as positivepoles indicated by N, and the inner parts of cores5 and 6 become polesof the opposite polarity or negative poles, indicated by S. The outerfaces of the cores are, of course, of the opposite polarity from theinner faces. The cores are arranged so that the area of the magneticcircuit between the inner faces of the cores and the projections on thedriving element is always constant, and the area of the magnetic circuitbetween the outer faces or projections on the cores and the teeth on thedriven element is always constant. The current in the magnetic windingsis, therefore, constant and the total flux is constant, but as theapparatus operates the path or paths of the magnetic flux is constantlyshifted. Instead of providing the stationary cores with magnetizingwindings, the cores may be formed as permanent magnets when the power tobe transmitted is not great. It is not necessary that all of the coresbe magnetized or provided with magnetizing windings, it being necessaryonly that the cores of one polarity either the north or the south poles,be mag? netized. I will assume that core 2 is attached to the drivingelement and cylinder 1 is attached to the driven element, and that thecore is rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow, and that theproper magnetic conditions obtain in the stationary cores. The rotationof the drum 1, upon the rotation of the member 2 results in thefollowing manner: Withvthe members 1 and 2 in the position shown in Fig.1, there is no tendency for the drum 1 to rotate, since the forcesacting thereon are in equilibrium. Now, assume member 2 to have moved,in a counter-clockwise direction, a small amount. With member 2 in thenew position, the reluctance through core 3 and pole 12 will haveincreased, that through core 6 and pole 13 will have increased, thatthrough core 4 and pole 13 will have decreased, and that through core 5and pole 11 will have decreased, 'hence the flux through cores 3 and 6,tending to prevent rotation of drum 1 will have decreased, while theflux through cores 4 and 5 tending to cause the rotation of the drum 1will have increased, with the result that the balance of forces actingupon drum 1 has been destroyed and it will have moved in a clockwisedirection to a new position. will, therefore, cause a continuousrotation of the drum 1, the relative rates of rotation of the two partsdepending on the number of teeth on the core 2 and the number of eeth onthe drum 1.- In the present instance there are three teeth on the core 2and The continuous rotation of core 2' lutions for one revolution of thedrum. The

arrangement of the cores 3, 4, 5 and 6 in Fig. 1 causes the rotatingparts to rotate in opposite directions, but the apparatus may beconstructed so that the two parts will rotate in the same direction, orso that the direction of rotation may be varied at will.

In Fig. 2, the parts are shown in such position that the rotating partsrevolve in the same direction. In order to accomplish this, the teeth 14on the cores representing like poles, in this instance cores 5 and 6,are moved in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of thecore 2, a distance equal to one-half the pitch of the teeth, while theinner faces of the cores remain in the same relation to each other. Bythus moving the teeth 14 on cores 5 and 6 or by forming them originallyas shown in Fig. 2, the pull exerted between the teeth 14 and the teeth1 is in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the core 2.In order that the apparatus may be used to reverse the direction ofrotation of the driven element when desired, I prefer to construct theapparatus so that the teeth 14 on the cores 5 and 6 representing likepoles, may be readily moved in the proper direction a distance equal tosubstantially one-half the pitch of the teeth 14 or 1*. This isaccomplished in the present construction by dividing each of the cores 5and 6 into two parts 55 and (i -6 respectively, at a plane concentricwith the center of rotation. The parts 5 and 6? which complete themagnetic circuit with the projections 11, 12, 18, are fixed, and thearts 5 and 6 on which occur the teeth 14 are movable in the concentricplane for a limited distance. IVhen it is desired to obtain smalldifferences in speed between the two shafts or rotating elements andgreat power, the inner surfaces of the cores 3, 4, 5 and 6 may beprovided with teeth or projections 16 and the projections 10 on therotating core 2 increased in number, the pitch of the teeth on the core2 depending upon the pitch of the teeth 16 on the inner faces of thecores 3, 4, 5, and 6. The same action will take place as explainedhereinbefore, and the driven element will rotate a distance equal to thepitch of the teeth thereon when the driving element has rotated adistance equal to the pitch of the teeth thereon.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a modified form of the apparatus ofmy invention,Which is adapted to transmit power between two nonalined shafts 17 18,which may be arranged parallel or at any desired angle to each drivenelement 1 is placed externally of and adjacent thereto, and thestationary cores,

provided with their difierent formed surfaces (in instances where therate of rotation of the two shafts are different) are arranged so thatthe opposite faces thereof lie adjacent the driving and driven elementsrespectively. The driven element 1 instead of being formed as a cylinderwith teeth on the inner face thereof is formed as a core with the teethon the periphery. The operation of this form of the apparatus is thesame as the operation of those forms heretofore describe The stationaryelements 3, 4, 5 and 6 may either consist of permanent magnets or may beprovided with magnetizing Windings 7, 8, 9 and 10 as shown. In thisconstruction the poles 3 1, 5, 6, of the stationary elements arearranged so that ,their surfaces are adjacent to and'concentric with thedriving element2, and the poles 3 e 5, 6 ,,are arranged so that they liegenerally concentric withithe driven element 1. In the constructionshown in the four previous figures the two revolving elements lie closeto each other so that the cores are short, but in the presentconstruction, the poles of each core are separated from each other agreater distance. The poles 3-3 l '5 and 6-6 are joined to each other bythe connecting links 7 10" respectively upon which are arranged the re-.spective magnetizing windings 7, 8, 9, and 10. The poles of one sign,lying adjacent the driven element, in this case poles 5 and 6, areprovided with movable faces, as in the prior constructions, so that thedirection of rotation of the driven element may be reversed. Theconnecting links 7 9* 10 may lie at right angles to the axes of ro-'tation, or may be bent at any angle, depending upon the position of theshafts. The length of the connecting links depends upon the distancebetween the shafts and the size of the rotating elements.

The modification shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, shows a constructionsomewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 5, with the shafts substantiallyalined, and with the stationary elements arranged on the outside oraround thefrevolving elements. Each stationary element consists of twoportions connected by a connecting link'on which is arranged themagnetizing winding. It may be noted that in this construction, as inthe other various modifications, that for the transference of smallamounts of power, permanent magnets may be employed instead ofelectromagnets. The poles 3?, 1, 5 and 6 are ar- L ranged adjacent toand concentric with the driving element, and the poles 3, 4 5 and fi-are'arranged adjacent to and concentric with the driven element, andthe respective poles are connected by the connecting links 7 7 8", 9",10 of the magnetic circuit.

The modification shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 is similar to that of Figs.6, 7 and 8, with the exception that the shafts are alined and areextended through the rotating elements so that they are very closetogether at their abutting ends. The magnetic flux is produced by anelectric current flowing in the coil or winding 21 surrounding, spacedapart from, and supported independently of the extended shafts. Thisarrangement causes all of the poles at one revolving element to be ofone polarity and all of the poles at the other element to be of oppositepolarity. The operation of the apparatus in this instance is the same ashas been heretofore described with relation to Figs. 1 and 2.

The modification shown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14: is similar to that shownin Figs. 6, 7 and 8 with the exception that the driving and drivenelements 2 and 1 are formed in the shape of disks instead of cylinders,that is, the various .teeth or projections are arranged on the side ofthe elements instead Y .of on their peripheries. In this and the fol-'ings may be more readily understood and for no other reason. The teethon the re vo'lving and stationary elements are tapered or wedge shapedon account of the varymg diameter and the stationary elements arearranged between the revolving elements.

The teeth on the stationary elements are correspondingly wedge shapedand the teeth are spaced apart in the same relation as in the otherconstructions.

The modification shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17 is similar to that shownin Figs. 9, 10 and 11 with the exception that the cylindrical rotatingelements in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 have been developed into disks, and thestationary elements are arranged between the faces of the disks, insteadof adjacent to the periphery of the cylinders. The shafts are extendedthrough the disks, so that their ends lie very close together and themagnetizing winding 21 is arranged around the extended shafts, but isspaced apart therefrom and supported independently thereof, so that itremains stationary.

It will be appreciated that by a proper selection of the number ofprojections on the rotatable and stationary elements any desired speedratio may be obtained. The number of stationary projections is notconfined to any particular number, but may be varied depending upon thesize of the apparatus or the power to be transmitted. The apparatusdescribed is simple and compact in construction, contains at the mostonly a few coils which are stationary, operates with a one of its faceswith regular teeth, a sta tionary structure provided with two mutilatedfaces, one of said mutilated faces opposing the teeth of the firstrotatable element, the other mutilated face opposing the teeth on thesecond rotatable element and a magnetizing winding on said stationaryelement producing a magnetic flux common to both rotating elements, saidflux causing a rotation of one rotatable element to be accompanied bythe synchronous rotation of the other.

2. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable element provided on its face with a plurality of projections,a second rotatable element provided on its face with a plurality ofprojections, a plurality of stationary cores spaced apartcircumferentially arranged between said rotatable elements, and meansfor producing a magnetic flux in said cores, substantially all of saidflux traversing each of the rotatable elements.

8. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable element, a plurality ofprojections of regular size and spacingon theface thereof, a second rotatable element, a plurality ofprojections of regular size and spacing on the outer face thereof, and aplurality of magnetic cores spaced apart circumferentially producing a.magnetic circuit between said rotatable elements, the faces onone sideof,

said cores corresponding to the teeth on the first element and the faceson the other side of said cores corresponding to the teeth on the secondelement.

4:. An electro -magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising a'rotatable element provided on its face with regular projections, asecond rotatable element provided on its face with a different number ofregular projections, stationary cores having their opposite facesarranged adjacent said rot'atable elements, said faces being spacedapart circumferentially a distance equal to substantially one-half thethickness of the pro- I jections on the second element, and magnetizingwindings surrounding said cores.

5. An electro-magnetic power transmitting device comprising a rotatableelement, a plurality of regular projections on the face thereof, asecond rotatable element arranged adjacent thereto, a different numberof regular projections on the face thereof, stationary cores havingtheir opposite faces arranged adjacent said rotatable elements, saidfaces being spaced apart circumferentially a distance equal to one-halfthe thickness of the projections on the second elefnent, the faces ofthe cores lying adjacent the second element corresponding to the facesof the projections on said element, and the other faces corresponding tothe face of the first element and magnetizing windings surrounding saidcores.

6. An velectro-magnetic power transmit ting apparatus comprising arotatable cylinder, a plurality of regular projections on the inner facethereof, a rotatable element arranged within said cylinder, concentrictherewith and spaced apart therefrom, a different number of regularprojections on the outer face thereof, a plurality of normallystationary cores arranged between said rotatable elements and spacedapart transversely, the inner faces of said cores being of substantiallythe same curvature and length as the outer faces of the projections onthe inner element, a plurality of projections on the outer faces of saidcores of the same size as the projections on the cylinder, andmagnetizing windings surrounding said cores.-

7. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable cylinder, a plurality of regularly spaced projections on theinner face thereof, a rotatable ferent number of projections on theouter face thereof, a plurality of normally fixed cores spaced apartcircumferentially arranged between said rotatable elements, a pluralityof projections on the outer face of each core of the same size andspacing as the projections on the cylinder, the projections on the coresbeing so placed with relation to the projections on the-cylinder thatwhen the projections on one core are alined with the projections on thecylinder, the pro ectioirs on the opposite core are staggered with.relation to the projections on the cylinder,

and magnetizing windings surrounding said of said members withoutvarying the direction of rotation of the other.

9. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elements sothat they rotate at different speeds, comprising an annular rotatableelement, provided on its inner face with a plurality of projections, aconcentrically arranged rotatable element with in said first namedelement provided on its outer face with a different number ofprojections, a plurality of stationary cores spaced apartcircumferentially arranged between said rotatable elements, and meansfor producing a magnetic flux in said cores, which flux is common toboth elements. 10'. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling togethertwo elements so that they rotate at difierent speeds, comprising arotatable cylinder, a plurality of projections on the inner facethereof, a rotatable element arranged concentrically within saidcylinder and spaced apart therefrom, adifierent number of projections onthe outer face thereof of equal thickness circumferentially, a pluralityof stationary cores arranged between said rotatable elements havingtheir inner faces concentric with the inner rotatable element and ofsubstantially the same thickness as the projections thereon, and meansfor producing a magnetic flux in said cores. I

11. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elements sothat they rotate at different speeds, comprising a -'rowith. regularprojections, a rotatable eletatable cylinder, a pluralityof projectionsthereof, a rotatable element arranged within the cylinder, adiiferentnum-ber ofpro ections of regular size and spacing on the.

outer face thereof, and a plurality of mag netic cores spaced apartcircumferentially between said rotatable elements, the inner faces ofsaid cores corresponding to the teeth on the inner element and the outerface of said cores corresponding to the-teeth on the outer element.

1-2. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elements sothat they rotate at different speeds, comprising a rotatable cylinderprovided on its inner face ment arranged within and concentric therewithprovided on its outer face with a different number of regularprojections, stationary cores arranged between said rotatable elements Ispaced apart circumferentiallya distance equal to substantially onehalfthe thickness of the projections on the inner element, and magnetizingwindings surrounding said cores.

13. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elements sothat they rotate at different speeds, comprising'a' rotatable cylinder,a plurality of regular projections on the inner face thereof, arotatable element arranged therein and concentric Y therewith, adifferent number of regular projections ,on the outer face thereof,stationary cores arranged between said rotatable elements, said coresbeing spaced apart circumferentially a distance equal to onehalf thethickness of the projections on the inner element and having an innerface corresponding to the face of the projections on the inner element,and an outer face corresponding to the inner face of the cylinder,

and magnetizing windings surrounding said cores.

'14:. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elementsso that they rotate at different speeds, comprising a ro-' tatablecylinder, a plurality of regular proble elements and spaced aparttransversely,

the inner faces of said cores corresponding to the outer face of theinner element, a plurality of projections on the outer faces of saidcores of the same size as the projections on the cylinder, andmagnetizing windings surrounding the alternate cores.

15. An electro-magnetic apparatus for coupling together two elements sothat they icrotate at different speeds, comprising a r0- of regular sizeand spacing on the inner face;

core of the same size and spacing as the proections on the cylinder,the' projections on the cores being so' placed with relation to theprojections on the cylinder that when the projections on one core arealinedwith the projections on the cylinder, the projections on theopposite core are staggered with relation to the projections on thecylinder,

and magnetizing windings surrounding said cores.

16. Amagnetically operated power trans- 'mitting apparatus, comprising arotatable element having a regularly mutilated face, a second rotatableelement arranged adjacent thereto having a regularly mutilated face, anda plurality of stationary magnetic conductors arranged betwe n saidfaces and having correspondingly mutilated faces, the faces of thealternate conductors adjacent to one rotatable element being movablecircum ferentially.

17. A magnetically operated power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable element, a plurality of regularly spaced projections thereon,a second rotatable element, a plurality of regularly spaced projectionsthereon, a plurality of normally stationary magnetic conductorsextending from adjacent the face of one element to adjacent the face ofthe other, the faces of said conductors adjacent the elements beingprovided with corresponding projections, said faces being spaced apartcircumferentially, the alternate faces at one element being movablecircu mferentially with respect to said element, and means forestablishing a magnetic flux in said conductors.

18. A magnetically operated power transmitting apparatus comprising tworotatable elements each having regularly mutilated faces and a fixedstructure comprising a plurality of magnetic conductors having similarlymutilated opposite faces arranged adjacent the faces of said elements.

19. A magnetically operated power transmitting apparatus comprising tworotatable elements, a plurality of cores spaced apart from each other byair gaps arranged diametrically in pairs between the moving surfaces ofsaid elements, and means for establishing a magnetic flux in said cores.

20. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable element, a plurality of regularly spaced projections thereon,a second rotatable element, a plurality of regularly spaced project'onsthereon, a plurality of stationary'magne ic conductors extending fromadjacent the\face of one element to adjacent the face of the otherelement, said conductors *being arranged in' pairs, the faces ofeach'pair at each element'being arranged diametrically opposite,projections on said faces corresponding to the projections on theadjacent elements, and means for establishing a magnetic flux in saidconductors.

21. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable cylinder, a plurality of regular projections on the inner facethereof, a rotatable element arranged within said cylinder, concentrictherewith and spaced apart therefrom, a plurality of regular projectionson the periphery of said element, a plurality of normally stationarycores arranged between said elements, saidcores being arrangeddiametrically in pairs, a plurality of projections on theouter faces ofsaid cores corresponding to the projections on the cylinder, saidprojections being arranged so that when the projections on one corecoincide with the projections on the cylinder the projections on thediametrically opposite core are staggered with respect to theprojections on the cylinder, a plurality of projections on the innerfaces of said cores corresponding to the projections on the rotatableelement, said projections being arranged so that when the projections onone core coincide with the projections on the rotatable element, theprojections on the diametrically opposite'core are staggered withrespect to the projections on the rotating element, and means forproducing oppositely directed magnetic fluxes in the successive cores.

22. An electro-magnetic power transmitting apparatus comprising arotatable cylinder, a plurality of regular projectionson the inner facethereof, a rotatable element arranged within said cylinder spaced aparttherefrom, a plurality of regular projections on the periphery of saidelement, a plurality of normally stationary cores arranged between saidelements, said cores being arranged diametrically in pairs and havingopposite faces concentric with the faces of the rotatable elements withwhich they are in juxtaposition, a plurality of proj ections' on theouter face of said cores corresponding to the projections on thecylinder, said core projections being arranged so that when theprojections on one core coincide with the projections on the cylinder,the projections on the next core are in half coincidence with theprojections on the cylinder, a plurality of projections on the innerfaces of said cores corresponding to the projections on the rotatableelement, said core projections being arranged so that when theprojections on one core coincide with the projections on the element,the projections on the next core are in half coincidence with theprojections on the element, and means for producing similarly directedmagnetic fluxes in the alternate cores.

23. An electro-magnetic apparatus for transmitting power between twonon-alined shafts, comprising an element secured to one of said shafts,a plurality of regularly spaced projections on said element, a secondelement secured to the other shaft, a plurality of regularly spacedprojections on said second element, a plurality of stationary magneticconductors connecting said elements magnetically, said conductors beingprovided on one end with faces corre sponding to and lying adjacent theprojections on the first element, and on the other end with facescorresponding to and adjacent the projections on the second element, andreversely wound current carrying coils surrounding the successiveconductors.

24. An electro-magnetic apparatus for transmitting power between tworotatable shafts, comprising a disk secured to one of a msm saidshafts,a plurality of regular projections on the inner face of said disk, asecond disk secured to the second shaft, a plurality of regularprojections on the inner face of said disk, a plurality of stationarycores spaced apart circumferentially arranged between said disks, theopposite faces of the cores being provided With projectionscorresponding to the disk to Which they lie ad-

